Recreation defined Recreation consists of activities or experiences carried on within leisure, usually chosen voluntarily by the participant – either because of satisfaction, pleasure or creative enrichment derived, or because he perceives certain personal or social values to be gained from them. It may, also be perceived as the process ...

Economics Institutions defined The term ‘economic institutions’ is usually used for socially sanctioned such concepts and struc­tures which men have developed in the process of satisfying their material needs. Economic institutions provide basic physical subsistence for society and meet needs for food, shelter, clothing and other necessities of life. These ...

What is Universal Design? Universal design is a concept that has evolved from the more traditional view of accessibility as being solely for the benefit of persons with disabilities. Much like the more progressive interpretation of accessibility, universal design recognizes the diversity of functional ability across the entire population, and ...

Reforming madrassas is a major concern. New developments at international level, especially the events of 11th September 2001, increased the importance of Madrassa reforms not only for Pakistan but also for the whole Muslim World. The Government of Pakistan and countries in the West, particularly America, are now eagerly seeking ...

In Pakistan, the madaris are based on sect, and every sect has its own madrassa network that is controlled by a board or Wafaq. Every board has its own system of education and they hold annual exams and distribute certificates among students.  There are five madrassa boards or wafaqs  in  ...

Socialization cannot take place in a vacuum. Individuals, groups and institutions create the social context for socialization to take place. In general, it may be said that the total society is the agency for socialization and that each person with whom one comes into contact and interact is in some ...

Organizational behavior is “The study and understanding of individual and group behavior and patterns of structure in order to help improve organizational performance and effectiveness.”(Laurie J. Mullins) Another definition of organizational behavior is “The study of how thoughts, feelings and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations are influenced by ...

The way an individual addresses a situation single-handedly or say in a group is influenced by many factors. The key factors influencing an individual’s attitude in personal as well as social life are − AbilitiesRace and cultureGenderAttributionPerceptionAttitude Abilities Abilities of an individual are the main factor responsible for the way ...

Understanding Inclusion Inclusion is based on the belief that students of all abilities have the right to an education that is meaningful, appropriate and equivalent to that of their peers. It is a way of thinking and acting that allows every individual to feel accepted, valued and safe. An inclusive ...

Inclusive education is a new concept; a few schools are striving to create an inclusive environment through experimentation with various approaches. These approaches include establishing new inclusive schools; giving access to children with disabilities to existing schools; persuading children without disabilities to join special education institutions; keeping children with special ...